Castor Leaves-Based Biochar for Adsorption of Safranin from Textile Wastewater

The prospect of synthesizing biochar from agricultural wastes or by-products to utilize them as a promising adsorbent material is increasingly gaining attention. This research work focuses on castor biomass (CBM) and evaluating its potential an material. Castor biomass-based (CBCs) prepared by the slow pyrolysis process at different temperatures (CBC400 °C, CBC500 CBC600 °C for 1 h) was investigated adsorption textile dye effluents (safranin). temperature played key role in enhancing morphology, crystallinity which are beneficial uptake safranin. showed higher safranin removal (99.60%) capacity (4.98 mg/g) than (90.50% 4.52 mg/g), CBC400 (83.90% 4.20 (64.40% 3.22 mg/g). Adsorption data fitted better Langmuir isotherm model Freundlich model. kinetics described well using pseudo-second-order kinetic study effect contact time indicated that CBC600, 80% occurred first 15 min time. After three regeneration cycles, exhibited highest efficiency (64.10%), highlighting enhanced reusability CBCs. crystalline patterns, functional binding sites, surface areas CBCs (CBC400, CBC500, CBC600) were characterized X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller area measurements, respectively.